Of the students at statsville high school who take both mathematics and english, 83% pass englis , 75% pass both mathematics and english. and 5% fail both. what is the probability of passing mathematics and failing english for this group of students. explain

It's 12% because there are 4 possible scenarios:
1)pass Math, pass English
2)fail math, fail English
3)pass math, fail English
4)fail math, pass English

we know that scenario 1 happened for 75% of the students and scenario 2 happened for 5% of the students which already gives us 80% (so 20% left).

83% passed English but only 75% passed both English and math so to find the percentage of the student that passed English but didn't math you do 83%-75%=8%

now you are left with 12% students who passed math and failed English.

Hope it helped :)