In two or more complete sentences, describe the transformation(s) that take place on the parent function, f(x) = log(x), to achieve the graph of g(x) = log(-3x-9) - 1

The graph of the parent function is well -known (see attached diagram for details, green curve).

Make such transformations:

translate graph of parent function 3 units to the left (violet curve), then you obtain the function  compress function in the x-direction by multiplying x by 3 (black curve), then you get the function reflect the function across the line (red curve). You get the function translate the function 1 unit down (blue curve) to get the function

He will need 2,898 pieces of paper