Since a middle school opened, the basketball teams have had the same record each season. the boys and girls have won 169 games and lost 13. find the constant of proportionality of wins to losses.

Researchers are conducting experiments to determine the role of alcohol in the development of depression. after the study is complete, they determine that the relative risk of developing depression is 1.55 with a 95 % ci of 1.2 -1.9. each group is then divided into nonsmokers and smokers. the relative risk for the nonsmokers is 1.12 with a 95% ci of 0.87-1.37. the relative risk for the smokers is 1.7 with a 95 % cl of 1.5-1.9. what type of bias may affect this study? a. procedure bias b. recall bias c. selection bias d. confounding e. lead-time bias