What is the value called that you substitute into the x-value of a function? *

What is the effect on the graph of the function f(x)=x when f(x) is replaced with -f(x)+4

Apinhole camera is made out of a light-tight box with a piece of film attached to one side and pinhole on the opposite side. the optimum diameter d(in millimeters) of the pinhole can be modeled by d=1.9[ (5.5 x 10^-4) l) ] ^1/2, where l is the length of the camera box (in millimeters). what is the optimum diameter for a pinhole camera if the camera box has a length of 10 centimeters

The expression 1.01*1.005(^t) gives the amount of money, in thousands of dollars, in carter's savings account (t) years after he opens it. what does 1.01 represent in this expression?