Show all your work. Indicate clearly the methods you use, because you will be scored on the correctness of your methods as well as on the accuracy and completeness of your results and explanations
Fingerprint analysis and blood grouping are features that do not change through the lifetime of an individual. Fingerprint features appear early in the development of a fetus, and blood types are
determined by genetics. Therefore, each is considered an effective tool for identification of individuals. These characteristics are also of interest in the discipline of biological anthropology-a
scientific discipline concerned with the biological and behavioral aspects of human beings.
The relationship between these characteristics was the subject of a study conducted by biological anthropologists with a simple random sample of male students from a certain region with a large
student population. Fingerprint patterns are generally classified as loops, whorls, and arches. The four principal blood types are designated as A, B, AB, and O. The table shows the distribution of
fingerprint patterns and blood types for the sample. Expected counts are listed in parentheses. The anthropologists were interested in the possible association between the variables.
Blood Type
A
B
AB
Total
Loops
66 (71.69) 99 (112.19) 35 (32.29) 101 (84.83)
Whorls 51 (47.16) 91 (73.80) 15 (21.24) 41 (55.80)
14 (12.15) 15 (19.01) 9 (5.47) 13 (14.37) 51
205
59
155
0
301
198
Arches
Total
131
550
(alls the test for an association in this case a chi-square test of independence, or a chi-square test of homogeneity? Justify your choice.