Some other person’s sales tax is $1.61. How much was their subtotal? and the sales tax rate is 9.5%

At the beginning of 1974/75,2 years a man invested #2000 in a bank at 12.5% compound interest, if it degree #650 at the end of each two years to pay his son's school fees, after payment of interest to pay his son's school fees, how much did he have left at the beginning of the 1978/79 school year?

In 2009, there were 1570 bears in a wildlife refuge. in 2010, the population had increased to approximately 1884 bears. if this trend continues and the bear population is increasing exponentially, how many bears will there be in 2018?

I’m still confused on how to work the percentages