Can someone please help and if you’re correct I’ll give u brainlist!

Provide an example of a trigonometric function and describe how it is transformed from the standard trigonometric function f(x) = sin x, f(x) = cos x, or f(x) tan x using key features.

Whats the name of the vertical axis

Does anyone know how to solve and graph this: 4 + | a + 2 | < 7the only part i don't get is the "4 +"