One hundred sixty-seven students go on a field trip to the zoo. Each van can seat 11 students. Using the fewest number
possible, how many vans are needed?

take the logarithm of both sides (the base of the log doesn't matter):

apply the exponent property - this says that :

distribute the log terms on both sides:

group like terms together:

divide through both sides by the coefficient on :

you can do some additional rewriting here using the properties of the logarithm to simplify things if you like:

answer: the answer is d