1. A large bucket holds 5 gallons of water, which is about the same as 19 liters of water. A small bucket holds 2 gallons of water. About how many liters does it hold?

2. Bottles of sparkling water usually cost . This week they are on sale for 4 for . You bought one last week and one this week. Did you pay more or less for the bottle this week? How much more or less?

Consider the linear model for a two-stage nested design with b nested in a as given below. yijk=\small \mu + \small \taui + \small \betaj(i) + \small \varepsilon(ij)k , for i=1,; j= ; k=1, assumption: \small \varepsilon(ij)k ~ iid n (0, \small \sigma2) ; \small \taui ~ iid n(0, \small \sigmat2 ); \tiny \sum_{j=1}^{b} \small \betaj(i) =0; \small \varepsilon(ij)k and \small \taui are independent. using only the given information, derive the least square estimator of \small \betaj(i) using the appropriate constraints (sum to zero constraints) and derive e(msb(a) ).