A runner's distribution of times for running 1,000 meters has a mean of 4.5 minutes with a standard deviation of 0.75 minutes. One of the runner's times has a z-score of -1.08. Which of the following statements is the best
interpretation of this Z-score?
This runner's time was faster than the mean time by 0.75 standard deviations
O This runner's time was faster than the mean time by 1.08 standard deviations.
O This runner's time was slower than the mean time by 0.75 standard deviations.
O This runner's time was slower than the mean time by 1.08 standard deviations

On a certain portion of an experiment, a statistical test result yielded a p-value of 0.21. what can you conclude? 2(0.21) = 0.42 < 0.5; the test is not statistically significant. if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 21% of the time, so the test is not statistically significant. 0.21 > 0.05; the test is statistically significant. if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 79% of the time, so the test is not statistically significant. p = 1 - 0.21 = 0.79 > 0.05; the test is statistically significant.