I don’t understand this

The price of an item has been reduced by 30%. the original price was $30. what is the price of the item now ?

I’m really confused and need to learn this

Which of these would have been most likely to have been a carpetbagger during the reconstruction era? a) a new york businessman who relocated to mississippi b) a former slave who was able to buy land in birmingham c) a carolina-born politician who supported the democratic d) a former confederate officer who owned a farm in memphis eliminate