A professor notices that more and more students are using their notebook computers in class, presumably to take notes. He wonders if this may actually improve academic success. To test this, the professor records the number of times each student uses his or her computer during a class for one semester and the final grade in the class (out of 100 points). If notebook computer use during class is related to improved academic success, then a positive correlation should be evident. Given the following data, test whether notebook computer use and grades are related at a .05 level of significance. State the conclusions for this test using APA format. First, describe the correlation coefficient in words and give the value of r. Then give the value of R2 and describe (in words) the effect size using the coefficient of determination. Finally, is there a significant relationship?

Step-by-step explanation:

The hypothesis being tested is:

H0: ρ = 0

Ha: ρ ≠ 0

Pearson's r is -0.140.

The critical r-value is 0.404.

Since 0.140 < 0.404, we cannot reject the null hypothesis.

Therefore, we cannot conclude that notebook computer use and grades are related.

Pearson's r is -0.140. It means that there is a weak negative relationship between notebook computer use and grades.

The coefficient of determination is 0.020. 2% of the variation in the model is explained.

The relationship is not significant.

Notebook Computer UseFinal Grade for Course    

3086      

2388      

694      

056      

2478      

3672      

1080      

090      

082      

860      

1284      

1874      

078      

3266      

3654      

1298      

881      

1874      

2270      

3890      

585      

2993      

2667      

1080

r² = 0.020    

r  = -0.140    

Std. Error = 11.996    

n  = 24    

k  = 1

ANOVA table    

Source              SS              df            MS           F             p-value  

Regression    63.6652        1          63.6652   0.44           0.5129  

Residual        3,165.668     22        143.8940    

Total              3,229.333     23  

about 0.75 hours

step-by-step explanation: