Milk has a pH of 6.7, which is slightly acidic. Cheese makers add a culture to milk to lower the pH, making it more acidic and turning it into cheese. A manufacturer is experimenting with a new culture that claims to produce a pH of 5.2, which is perfect for cheddar cheese. A set of 50 test batches resulted in an average pH of 5.11. A one-sample tt-test was conducted to investigate whether there is evidence that the mean pH is different from 5.2. The test resulted in a pp-value of 0.018.

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the p-value?

a)The probability that the true pH is equal to 5.2 is 0.018.
b)The probability that the true pH is different from 5.2 is 0.018.
c)The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or less is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2.
d)The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or more is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2.
e)The probability of observing a sample mean of 5.11 or less, or of 5.29 or more, is 0.018 if the true mean is 5.2.