When changing an integral to polar coordinates, dxdy becomes rdrdtheta. can anyone give a satisfying explanation for where this r comes from?

How does the graph of g(x)=⌊x⌋−3 differ from the graph of f(x)=⌊x⌋? the graph of g(x)=⌊x⌋−3 is the graph of f(x)=⌊x⌋ shifted right 3 units. the graph of g(x)=⌊x⌋−3 is the graph of f(x)=⌊x⌋ shifted up 3 units. the graph of g(x)=⌊x⌋−3 is the graph of f(x)=⌊x⌋ shifted down 3 units. the graph of g(x)=⌊x⌋−3 is the graph of f(x)=⌊x⌋ shifted left 3 units.