You are doing a study to determine whether vaping nicotine prior to taking a psychology test affects performance on that test. What is the independent variable in your study?

Vaping nicotine prior to taking a psychology test.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the study, the psychology test depends on whether the person to take the test is going to vape nicotine before the test.

This means that the psychology test is the dependent variable.

Therefore, the independent variable is Vaping nicotine prior to taking the psychology test because it is not affected by neither does it depend on the psychology test.

d. bc = 12 and ef = 16

step-by-step explanation:

we are given that δabc : δdef such that .

also, it is given that

so, from the options, we need that .

a.

b.

c.  

d.

as, we can see that only option d gives the same ratio as i.e. .

hence, the possible lengths are bc = 12 and ef = 16.