Consider the following analogy: you are a meat inspector for the county health department. for every batch of meat you inspect, you must decide whether to certify that the meat is safe for human consumption. suppose your null hypothesis is that the meat is unfit for human consumption. as in hypothesis testing, there are four possible outcomes of your decision:

(1) you do not certify the meat when the meat is unfit for human consumption,
(2) you certify the meat when the meat is unfit for human consumption,
(3) you do not certify the meat when the meat is safe, and
(4) you certify the meat when the meat is safe.