the solid graph is a translation of f(x) = v.
how was the graph of f(x) = vx shifted to form the
translation?
2 units up
2 units down
2 units left
2 units right

i think it's eleven too, don't woosh me here, but according to the "experts" it's 2.

the proof starts from the peano postulates, which define the natural

numbers n. n is the smallest set satisfying these postulates:

  p1.   1 is in n.

  p2.   if x is in n, then its "successor" x' is in n.

  p3.   there is no x such that x' = 1.

  p4.   if x isn't 1, then there is a y in n such that y' = x.

  p5.   if s is a subset of n, 1 is in s, and the implication

      (x in s => x' in s) holds, then s = n.

then you have to define addition recursively:

  def: let a and b be in n. if b = 1, then define a + b = a'

      (using p1 and p2). if b isn't 1, then let c' = b, with c in n

      (using p4), and define a + b = (a + c)'.

then you have to define 2:

  def:   2 = 1'

2 is in n by p1, p2, and the definition of 2.

theorem:   1 + 1 = 2

proof: use the first part of the definition of + with a = b = 1.

      then 1 + 1 = 1' = 2   q.e.d.

note: there is an alternate formulation of the peano postulates which

replaces 1 with 0 in p1, p3, p4, and p5. then you have to change the

definition of addition to this:

  def: let a and b be in n. if b = 0, then define a + b = a.

      if b isn't 0, then let c' = b, with c in n, and define

      a + b = (a + c)'.

you also have to define 1 = 0', and 2 = 1'. then the proof of the

theorem above is a little different:

proof: use the second part of the definition of + first:

      1 + 1 = (1 + 0)'

      now use the first part of the definition of + on the sum in

      parentheses:   1 + 1 = (1)' = 1' = 2   q.e.d.

1. 180°. the sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°, for the equilateral triangle that it has three equals side is 60°+60°+60°=180°.

2. 60°. each interior angle of a equilateral triangle is 60°

3. 120°. the measure of ∠m is 120°, the sum of the angles ∠m and ∠n is equal to 180°. so, in order to find the measure of ∠m, we have ∠m+∠n=180° > ∠m=180°-∠n > ∠m=180°-60°=120°.

4. 360°. the sum of the exterior angles of an equilateral triangle is ∠m+∠r+∠x=120°+120°+120°=360°. the exterior angles of any triangle always add 360°.