Measurements of scientific systems are always subject to variation, some more than others.
there are many structures for measurement error, and statisticians spend a great deal of time modeling these errors.
suppose the measurement error x of a certain physical quantity is decided by the density function
f(x)=k(3−x2), for −1≤x≤1,

f(x)=0, elsewhere.

(a) determine k that renders f(x) a valid density function.
(b) find the probability that a random error in measurement is less than 1/2.
(c) for this particular measurement, it is undesirable if the magnitude of the error (i. e., |x|)
exceeds 0.8. what is the probability that this occurs?

introduction, methodology, results, discussion

step-by-step explanation:

an observational study is one which consists of actual observation to record data and then analyse the data.

there are a number of factors that should be analyzed before starting an observational study.

the main four factors are:

i) introduction:   this should be analysed to check whether the purpose of the study is correctly established and the data recorded are appropriate for the study

methodology:   the method of collecting the data, such as whether randomly selected, and whether sample size matches with the population to be studied, whether questions asked are easy to answer by common men, etc.

results: then results such as summary of data with comments should be studied thoroughly

discussion:   the last is the discussion, this can be either by management people or persons who are all interested , etc.

hdjd

step-by-step explanation:

the surface area is 124cm²

step-by-step explanation:

length: 4cm

width: 9cm

height:   2cm

a

step-by-step explanation: