For problems 10 and 11 you will need to use the → and ve rules. these require subproofs. in carnap, you indicate that a line is part of a subproof by indenting it, i. e., adding one or more spaces to the left of the sentence. the assumption of a subproof is justified by : as to the right of the sentence. to separate two adjacent subproofs, enter a line with only - - in it. for instance, an application of the ve rule would be entered like this: exercise example (pvp) p 1.pv ppr 2. p : as 3. p: r 2 4. -- 5. p : as 6. por 5 7.p : \/e 1, 2-3, 5-6 problem 10 give a formal proof of the following argument. a → c, b → d: (a a b) → (cad) exercise ps1.10 (a → c), (b + d) – ((a ab) → (cad)) submit ♡