Wilson reads an article that says students who eat blueberries the morning of a test tend to have higher test scores. the article claims that eating blueberries causes an improvement in test scores.
which of the following statements is most likely correct about the relationship between eating blueberries and improved test scores?

there is no correlation, but there is a causal relationship.
there is a correlation and a causal relationship.
there is a correlation. but there is no causal relationship.
there is no correlation or causal relationship.