3) this individual is considered the ceremonial head of the state government, a representative of all members of the state, and is the head of the armed forces within the state. who is this individual?

The answer is  

governor

question as stated in comment

why did the chinese require the portuguese to pay for goods in gold and silver when trading?

choices

portuguese goods were less valuable than chinese goods.

the chinese already had a surplus of portuguese goods.

the imperial government wanted to stockpile gold and silver.

portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.

this a history q n in ancient time, theres no money exchange. so ans is portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.