How did european nations benefit economically from colonies in africa

African colonies had many resources like iron and zinc that the european nations could extract and sell to their benefit since they owned the land

The three steps before modern english were indo-european, germanic, and old english. as peoples moved around the eurasian continent, their languages changed. throughout the ages, the languages became more specialized. as english has many germanic influences, it is easy to see how this was one of the forebears. also, old english was one of the main ancestors of the modern language, spoken in the 5th through about the 13th centuries.