In his argument against the traditional roman concept of pax deorum, augustine of hippo proposed instead the argument that

There was nothing special about Rome. Instead of focusing on Rome, people should focus on the Kingdom of Heaven.

Explanation:

Augustine of Hippo was a Roman African Christian theologian who influenced the development of Christianity through his writings. He was also the bishop of Hippo Regius in North Africa. Augustine de Hippo was converted to Chistianity in 386, and afterwards, he developed a new philosophical and theological approach to Christianity. Augustine de Hippo urged people to stop focusing on the glory of the earthly Rome and instead think of the spiritual city of God and the Kingdom of Heaven.

if i am correct the answer is going to be a) the federal program of reconstruction ended.

d. both had been uninhabited before settlers arrived.