As a result of the smoot-hawley tariff, a. loans were created to railroads, banks, and other businesses. b. shantytowns were being built across the country. c. the bonus army protested in washington, dc. d. foreign countries refused to buy american goods.

The answer would be D. Foreign countries refused to buy American goods :)

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful

The answer coastal regions and peary land