Why are poll taxes illegal in the united states? in a short paragraph, explain how poll taxes are an obstacle that takes voting rights away from poorer citizens.

Poll taxes are illegal in the United States because they contradict the rights guaranteed by the Fifteenth Amendment, that prohibits federal, state and local governments from denying any American citizen from voting.

The Constitution of the United States prohibits the federal government from levying direct taxes. In response to the 15th Amendment to the Constitution enacted in 1870, which guaranteed voting rights to all citizens regardless of their skin color, many southern states made the payment of a poll tax a prerequisite for participation in the election. All those whose ancestors had already chosen were excluded. In addition, African-Americans did not have the money to pay the elevated amounts that the states implemented, as they had just been freed from slavery. In this way, most non-whites were still excluded from the election. It was not until 1964 that the 24th Amendment to the Constitution banned this practice.

take five to 10 minutes to warm up and cool down properly.

plan to start slowly and boost your activity level gradually unless you are already exercising frequently and vigorously.

be aware that training too hard or too often can cause overuse injuries like stress fractures, stiff or sore joints and muscles, and inflamed tendons and ligaments. sports prompting repetitive wear and tear on certain parts of your body — such as swimming (shoulders), jogging (knees, ankles, and feet), tennis (elbows) — are often overuse culprits, too. a mix of different kinds of activities and sufficient rest is safer.

listen to your body. hold off on exercise when you're sick or feeling very fatigued. cut back if you cannot finish an exercise session, feel faint after exercise or fatigued during the day, or suffer persistent aches and pains in joints after exercising.

if you stop exercising for a while, drop back to a lower level of exercise initially. if you're doing strength training, for example, lift lighter weights or do fewer reps or sets.

for most people, simply drinking plenty of water is sufficient. but if you're working out especially hard or doing a marathon or triathlon, choose drinks that replace fluids plus essential electrolytes.

choose clothes and shoes designed for your type of exercise. replace shoes every six months as cushioning wears out.

for strength training, good form is essential. initially use no weight, or very light weights, when learning the exercises. never sacrifice good form by hurrying to finish reps or sets, or struggling to lift heavier weights.

exercising vigorously in hot, humid conditions can lead to serious overheating and dehydration. slow your pace when the temperature rises above 70°f. on days when the thermometer is expected to reach 80°f, exercise during cooler morning or evening hours or at an air-conditioned gym. watch for signs of overheating, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, faintness, cramps, or palpitations.

dress properly for cold-weather workouts to avoid hypothermia. depending on the temperature, wear layers you can peel off as you warm up. don't forget gloves.

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