The right to privacy is specifically guaranteed by the bill of rights of the us constitution?

I'm not sure if this is what you're looking for but the 4th amendment states that police or other federal agencies can't search or take your property without a warrent provided by a judge.

They made a checks and balance system to equal power within the branches. the "check" meant that one branch would watch one branch and "balance" them if they were too powerful. if you want more info on this, i would just google checks and balance system.