What impact did the rise of christianity have on the intellectual life of europe, both eastern and western, through the seventh century c. e.?

answer; andrew jackson approved nullification by signing it into law,and john calhoun opposed it saying it was unconstitutional;

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.