What is one reason that andrew jackson issued the specie circular in july 1836, requiring payment in gold or silver for all public lands? to protect himself and his investments because paper money was hard to obtain because the congress had forced him to to strengthen the government's currency,

What was the result on the u.s. economy because of the major changes in atlantic shipping prior to and during the war of 1812?

Match the following: 1. empirical the belief that an idea should be evaluated based on how it works 2. fundamentalism knowledge based on observation and experiment rather than theory 3. obtrusive to intentionally force ideas or intrude on others 4. pragmatism not religious or spiritual in nature 5. secular a religious doctrine that emphasizes a return to rigid principles

How did the phillips brothers expand their businesses? by selling it to other businessmen by changing their source product by merging their companies by acquiring government support