To whom does "he" refer in this passage?

He seventeenth amendment to the us constitution calls for the direct election of all us senators. this means that the people of each state get to vote to decide who will be their two us senators. before this, the legislatures of each state chose the two us senators from that state with no direct involvement of the average voter. why would this amendment be considered a reform? how would it benefit the people? even today some people claim that the seventeenth amendment was a bad idea. what arguments could be made for reverting selection of us senators back to the state legislatures?

How are the freedom of religion and the freedom of assembly alike? both involve the freedom to express oneself. both were an original part of the constitution. both were practiced by the early puritans. both were denied to immigrants.

Some historians argue that the changes brought by industrialization caused americans to beomce a more secular people. to what extent do you agree or disagree, and why? use evidence from chapter 18 to make your case.