Prior to the 1600s, whom did europeans believe was in charge of all things, including governmental systems?

The answer is D

hope this helps

ask google there you might be able to find an answer for the question you're trying to ask

herodotus taught this. herodotus was an ancient greek historian who was born in halicarnassus in the persian empire. he is known for having written the book the histories, a detailed record of his "inquiry" on the origins of the greco-persian wars.