What events and legislation have shifted the balance of power between congress and the president

The National Emergencies Act of 1976 and the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 shifted the balance of power between Congress and the President.

The National Emergencies Act of 1976 restricted the president’s emergency powers, because in 1933 the Congress empowered the President with powers to close national banks and when Pearl Harbor happened Roosevelt was granted broader control over the economy. 

The Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 established a permanent budget committee for each house. Congress also limited the president’s ability to impound funds.

Also, in 1996 the Congress authorized a bill that gave the president power to use the line-item veto, but this authorization was later considered unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court.

both include an amendment process.

paul willis (born 1950) is a british social scientist known for his work in sociology and cultural studies. paul willis' work is widely read in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and education, his work emphasizing consumer culture, socialization, music, and popular culture. he was born in wolverhampton[1] and received his education at the university of cambridge and at the university of birmingham. he worked at centre for contemporary cultural studies and subsequently at the university of wolverhampton. he was a professor of social/cultural ethnography at keele university. in the autumn of 2010, he left keele university and is now a professor at princeton university.

paul willis’s work has focused mainly, but not exclusively, on the ethnographic study of lived cultural forms in a wide variety of contexts. from highly structured to weakly structured ones, willis examines how practices of `informal cultural production` to produce and construct cultural worlds `from below`.[2]

trained in literary criticism at cambridge,[2] paul willis received his phd in 1972 from the centre for contemporary cultural studies at birmingham university where he remained as senior research fellow until 1981. he gave a paper at the 9th symposium of the natiohnal deviancy conference in january 1972 entitled 'a motor-bike subculture

during the 1980`s willis served as youth policy adviser to wolverhampton borough council in the english midlands. there he produced the youth review (published by the council and ashgate) which formed the basis for youth policy and for the formation of the democratically elected youth council, both still functioning. during the 1990s he served first as head of the division of media, communications and cultural studies, and then as a member of the professoriate at the university of wolverhampton. in 2000 willis co-founded the sage journal, ethnography. in 2003 willis was hired as a head professor of social and cultural ethnography at keele university.