The fordney-mccumber and hawley-smoot tariff laws had the long-term effect of

The answer is shrinking international trade and making it impossible for Europe to repay American war loans. The Fordney–McCumber Tariff of 1922 was a law that produced American tariffs on imported goods to safeguard factories and farms. While the Hawley - Smoot tariff law is that produced import duties to safeguard American businesses and farmers, to adjoin considerable pressure to the international economic climate of the Great Depression.