Which was not a reason for the collapse of the central powers? breakdown of military discipline failed offensives with huge casualties u. s. entry on the western front defection of italy to neutral status

The U.S entry on the western front is the answer because we know the war was at a stalemate until the USA entered.

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It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful