The third estate included approximately ninety-eight percent of the french population under the old regime. which group was exclusively part of this estate.
a. parish priests of common descent
b. wealthy businessmen
c. landowners
d. impoverished nobility

I believe the answer is: D, impoverished nobility

Impoverished nobility refers to the nobles who had lost their wealth and status in a society. The third estate was created for commoners, and since wealth and status goes hand in hand, the 'nobles' who had lost their wealth is demoted and treated as commoners, which is why they're being put in the third estates.

the fact that could also be added to column b is that during world war ii, specifically between the years 1941 and 1945, japan expanded its territory towards the indonesian territory in what was known later as part of the "pacific war". in that time, japan could conquer the philipines, singapore,   borneo, central java, malang, cebu, sumatra and various other islands of the area, therefore expanding its territory for a brief period of time.