In countries where anti-semitism existed, theodor herzl argued what in the jewish state letter: a. governments should provide security for jews, b. governments should build special communities for jews, c. governments should forcefully end attacks on jews, d. governments should pass anti-hate legislation or e. governments should have an interest jews leave.

Theodor Herzl was one of the key founders of the Zionist movement, which was a nationalist movement for the Jewish people.  Herzl's book "The Jewish State" urged the establishment of a nation-state specifically for the Jewish people, at a time when nationalism was the dominant mood throughout Europe.  Convinced that the Jews would never truly be welcomed or assimilated within the countries of Europe, Herzl argued for establishment of their own homeland somewhere. (Eventually that "somewhere" became a movement focused on going back to the ancestral land of Israel.)

Herzl believed that the nationalism and anti-Semitism that prevailed in European countries would actually encourage those governments to help the Jews leave and form their own nation elsewhere (answer E in your list of choices).

The middle east is where the domestication of animals began