During the neolithic revolution, production of a
food surplus led directly to
(1) a nomadic lifestyle
(2) a reliance on stone weaponry
(3) an increase in population
(4) a dependence on hunting and gathering

Among the options, the best is: (3) an increase in population.

Neolithic Revolution was the agrarian Revolution, meaning that a large scale change in the way people obtained food took place: they no longer primarily hunted and  gathered food (so option 4 is incorrect) but instead they focused on agriculture and keeping domesticated animals. This was more efficient and allowed for an increase in population.