An effect of the 19th amendment for women was a)challenged traditional gender roles b)greater equality and independence c)all of these d)increased social autonomy

The correct answer is:

All of these: increased social autonomy, challenged traditional gender roles and greater equality and independence.

The Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, adopted on August 18, 1920, prohibited both the states and federal government from refusing the right to vote to United States citizens based on sex.

This victory for the women civil rights movement lead to rising women's social autonomy, it challenged traditional gender roles and helped achieve greater equality and independence for women.