How did abolitionism and other social reform movements give women and african americans a political voice?

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

d. it spread christianity. i just took the test and got it right.