What were some of the important scientific discoveries made during the scientific revolution?

The invention of the Maser, followed soon after by the Laser allowed a huge spread of technologies. From surveying, through to the check-out counter, the laser is ubiquitous today. 
From a similar era, the computer, and its operational languages affect most parts of today's activities. 
Both the Maser and Laser are themselves technologies, but they followed on theoretical speculation and research.