What was the first major supreme court decision to define the relationship between the federal and state governments? barron v. baltimore dred scott v. sandford gibbons v. ogden mcculloch v. maryland?

Addressed the issue of whether the due process clause of the 5th Amendment applied to actions of the states; John Baron ran a successful docking business in Baltimore, and the city entered a period of building and road construction, so dirt was deposited into his wharf; it was substantial enough to make the wharf unusable; baron sued the city and state for damages and argued that the city took his lands "without just compensation" from the 5th Amendment

Explanation:

here are some major conflicts i found. maybe pick one and do more research on it. (cause i ain't writing 6 paragraphs)

in 1877, the nez perce war took place.

1881 - president james garfield was assassinated.

1882 - the chinese exclusion act was passed.

1883 - a decision in the civil rights cases legalized racial segregation in the united states.

1887 - the dawes act was passed.

1893 - the panic of 1893 took place. (what a creative name)

and there are probably other topics you can find if you just search up "united states timeline," or "conflicts in the 19th century for america."

then once you find a topic you like find out how it affected the people of america and what not. (sorry if this feels a bit short changed, history was and never will be one of my strong topics)