Which political changes did the industrial revolution bring about in the nineteenth century europe? a. industrialists from different countries cooperated to prevent political change. b. the growing middle classes encouraged the national unification of italy and germany. c. the rulers of russia introduced more democratic practices to accelerate economic development. d. revolutionaries inspired by marx and engels' the communists manifesto successfully overturned several european governments.

B. The growing middle classes encouraged the national unification of Italy and Germany.

Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution was an economic, technological, and social transformation that took place mainly in Western Europe and North America since the end of the 19th century until the 20th century. During the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution brought wealth and economic development to several regions of Central Europe, like Bayern and Lombardy. This wealth pushed the bourgeois classes, who were responsible for the industrial development, to lead the way for the unification of their respective nations and the creation of new industrial states. In this sense, the German industrial classes, led by the statesman Otto von Bismarck, created the necessary infrastructure for the unification of Germany under the Prussian Empire. In the same way, the wealthy Italian industrial businessmen, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, unified the different Italian states under the king Vittorio Emanuele II, creating thus the Kingdom of Italy.

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