Read the passage. when the united states entered world war i in 1917, general john j. pershing was appointed commander in chief of the american expeditionary forces (aef) charged with assisting the allies in the fight against germany. when he arrived in europe, allied military leaders demanded that american troops “fill in” for depleted european divisions. pershing refused, stating: “i do not want to appear difficult . . [but] the american people and the american government expect that the american army shall act [independently] and shall not be dispersed here and there along the western front. . while our army will fight wherever you decide, it will not fight except as an independent american army.” pershing’s leadership proved crucial to the allied victory. he led his forces to victory in many battles, including the battle of saint-mihiel and the battle of cantigny. in october 1918, pershing’s army destroy the remaining german resistance in the meuse-argonne offensive, resulting in the armistice that ended the war. according to the passage, how did pershing contribute to the allied victory? check all that apply.

2. by leading the AEF to victory in several key battles

4. by insisting that the AEF operate as an independent force

5. by helping the AEF and Allied forces defeat Germany

Explanation:

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every of the four river valley civilizations, religion played an enormous role in shaping and cultivating each civilization. this essay will briefly discuss how religion formed the river valley people’s government and view on geography. religion dictated how the peoples of the river valley civilizations managed government and geography.

            religious leaders played prominent roles in every river valley civilizations form of government. from ancient egypt and mesopotamia to china’s historic empire and the indus river valley, all the river valley civilizations had significant religious figures. in ancient egypt, the pharaoh was revered as a god and therefore was given his right as supreme governing authority in the eyes of the people. the elusive emperors of china gained there governing rights by a mandate of heaven creating long lines of dynasties until the common people of china felt the dynasty had lost the favor of the gods. chinese emperors were not only governing leaders but also the spiritual leaders of ancient china. mesopotamian and indus river valley priests were referred as has head officials who had vast amounts of authority in these two civilizations primitive forms of democracy. religion shaped the structure and social caste of the four river valley civilizations.

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