What reform to voting procedures followed the panic of 1819?

In the first half of the 20th century,literacy tests,poll taxes, and grandfather clauses were passed by the southern states in order to

The massacre at sand creek was an attack by a colorado militia on peaceful american indians. a colorado militia on a group of dakota warriors. american indians on peaceful white settlers. federal soldiers on a group of cheyenne warriors.

Was “labor violence” inevitable and unavoidable ?