How did western europe maintain cultural unity after the fall of the western roman empire?

What do most climatologists see as a major cause of rising global temperatures? a. earth's closer proximity to the sun due to its gravitational pull b. greenhouse gases produced by burning fossil fuels c. rising ocean levels caused by melting polar ice sheets d. water pollution cause by industrial waste

In the period from 1860 to 1890, which experience was shared by most native americans living in western states?

Why did french and austrian troops stops revolts in spain and italy