Despite great hardships, african americans created a strong sense of culture through which of the following? befriending landowners families joining with indentured servants trading crops with native americans making strong family and kinship groups

1. what was the result of growing nationalism and pan-africanism on european-african relations? africans were encouraged to seek independence from europe. european colonialism grew and strengthened in africa. the change of power from european to african rule went smoothly. africans believed they could live peacefully with europeans.