-tariff of 1828 and 1832 -states’ rights versus federal authority -john c. calhoun’s ‘proclamation to the people of south carolina’ which event are these characteristics describing? a) the indian removal act b) the nullification crisis c) the causes of the civil war d) the effects of south carolina's secession

These characteristics are describing the Nullification Crisis. (Answer choose b) When Congress raised tariffs once again in 1828, former Vice President from South Carolina John C. Calhoun proposed the nullification issue, claiming South Carolina could make this latest law "null and void" and that states could nullify any law they deemed unconstitutional.

B) the Nullification Crisis

Explanation:

nothing certain is known about what happened, but it seems that the country declined gradually, perhaps due to bad government, or, more likely, due to a series of bad harvests, which resulted in widespread and recurrent famine.