Which of these was the very earliest organized union?

The formation of business monopolies in the late 1800s was made possible by the (1) effects of laissez-faire policies (2) passage of federal antitrust laws (3) elimination of the free-enterprise system (4) adoption of socialist economic practices

What was the name of the totalitarian party in italy? a. nazib. communistsc. fascists d. socialist

Are people more motivated to change from positive or negative experiences, like slavery, womens rights, and any other historical movements/moments? i need factual information, not opinions.