What institution unified medieval europe after the fall of rome?

19th amendment granted women the right to vote. the 19th amendment guarantees all american women the right to vote.

how did the pendleton civil service act weaken the spoils system after president garfield died?

the act forced federal employees to pass competitive exams.

the act said that federal employees could be fired for political reasons.

the act said that company contracts and kickbacks were illegal.

the act stopped the reform movement in its tracks.