In the series of paragraphs beggining, he has refused his assent, '' to whom does the word '' he'' refer?

The most logical solution would be that "he" is this sentence is referring to eh subject of the sentence, the person doing the "refusing", although it's possible that if this were part of a more complex sentence it would be someone else

The  pan-african movement  was an "emotional, cultural, psychological and ideological  movement  that began among the  african  dispora in the western hemisphere, for a closer  purpose, so that  african  people could feel secure, attain political, economic as well as psychological power visa vis other races or world regions" .

Remember soh-cah-toasoh: cah: toa: now, looking at the picture we can see that we have an angle, the hypotenuse and want to find the value of the adjacent side to the angle. so we use cah to find the adjacent angle. plug in what we have: we need to solve for x now so we get it by itself on one side: plug this into your calculator and you'll find that: