9. what happens when societies do not have governments? there is chaos among the citizens. there is peace within a social group. families and tribes live separated from one another. large scaled projects such as road and bridges get completed.

in his book, the riddle of the rosetta stone, james giblin talks about how there was a young british polymath and physician named thomas young who made a lot of advances on the deciphering of the rosetta stone. he says that even though young made a lot of mistakes because he was working under false assumptions, he also made huge contributions like deciphering three out of the seven symbols (more than anyone else before him). young published his findings and continued his good work but he wasn't able to progress much further due to some unfavorable situations, he still laid the basis for many other scholars and of course for the man who has been generally known to have deciphered it, jean-françois champollion

during the middle ages bibles and most christian literature was written in latin i think that’s the answer you are looking for